Let’s look at the following numbers:
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In 2023, there were 3,205 instances of data compromises in the US, with the average cost of a data breach worldwide being $4.45 million in 2024
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The penalties for violating HIPAA rules range from a minimum $141 fine if an individual was unaware that they were violating the rules to a maximum of $35,581
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Regular compliance audits save an average of $2.86 million
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Studies indicate that between 60% and 73% of all data within an enterprise goes unused for analytics
This is where a data audit can go a long way.
Data audits are critical for companies aiming to improve decision-making, ensure compliance, and optimize operational efficiency. In this article, we will explore data auditing meaning, its value for businesses, what steps to take, and what tools to employ to conduct an effective data audit.
What is a data audit?
A data audit refers to a comprehensive analysis of a company’s data to ensure that data remains accurate, consistent, and secure throughout its lifecycle. The core objectives of a data audit focus on assessing data quality, ensuring compliance, identifying risks, and improving data governance.
A data audit serves as a diagnostic tool that supports efficient data governance and management, laying the groundwork for strategic data use while guaranteeing data security, safety, and compliance. For example, by evaluating data sources for errors, redundancies, and inconsistencies, data audits offer valuable insights that are essential for creating high-quality data standards. This establishes a foundation for data management practices that preserve the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of data.
Data auditing is closely connected to several other processes within data management, such as data discovery. These processes often support one another, creating a comprehensive approach to managing data. Data discovery involves locating, classifying, and mapping data sitting in corporate IT systems, whereas data auditing examines data assets for quality, security, and compliance issues.
Why your company needs a data audit?
Data audits are essential for ensuring business decisions are based on accurate and up-to-date data. Even if a company’s data infrastructure was meticulously structured at the outset, the dynamic nature of business inevitably necessitates regular reevaluation. Over time, organizations undergo significant transformations—either through mergers and acquisitions (M&As), internal restructuring, market fluctuations, or shifts in regulatory landscapes. Each of these changes can fundamentally alter how a company needs to manage, store, and utilize its data.
Therefore, regular data audits become an ongoing necessity for adapting to the inevitable changes that businesses face. They support businesses in staying agile, maintaining compliance, and refining their data strategies to align with evolving goals and challenges. By conducting routine data audits, companies can future-proof their operations and make sure their data remains a valuable and reliable asset year after year.
Specifically, data audits help:
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Maintain data quality and integrity
Accurate data is not only a desirable attribute but also a crucial component of strategic planning. Effective decision-making rests predominantly on data precision, consistency, and completeness. By locating errors, duplicates, and inconsistencies, a data audit can greatly enhance the quality of the data.
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Ensure compliance with regulations
Businesses must manage data safely and ethically in accordance with laws and regulations, including the CCPA, GDPR, and HIPAA. By determining if data practices adhere to these guidelines, a data audit can help prevent costly fines and penalties.
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Strengthen data security and privacy
Given the ongoing growth in cybersecurity threats, data security is becoming increasingly important. By evaluating security vulnerabilities in data exchange, access, and storage, data audits make sure that safeguards are in place to prevent breaches and cyberattacks. Data auditing helps secure critical information, lowers the possibility of data leaks, and improves customer trust.
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Reduce costs
Data audits can help streamline storage and cut expenses by identifying redundant, obsolete, or underutilized data. Businesses may optimize storage infrastructure, save hardware and cloud costs, and speed up data retrieval by identifying data that is no longer needed.
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Facilitate better decision-making
Meaningful insights can only be produced with clean, correct data. A data audit enhances the reliability of analytics and business intelligence initiatives by ensuring data quality. Based on reliable data, businesses may develop effective strategies, make better decisions, and obtain a competitive advantage.
Key steps in conducting a data audit
Conducting a data audit follows the steps outlined below:
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Data discovery
Your IT department or the data consulting company you’ve partnered with will carry out a data discovery process to identify all pertinent data sources—internal and external. This involves identifying data types, locations, sources, and owners, mapping data across systems, and profiling data sources. Creating a data asset inventory aids in providing a comprehensive view of the data that will be evaluated throughout the audit.
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Data quality assessment
It’s necessary to examine timeliness, correctness, consistency, and completeness to gauge the quality of the data. This might involve identifying errors, outdated information, duplicates, missing values, or inconsistencies. This stage aids in locating areas that require data transformation or cleansing.
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Compliance checks
Then, it’s crucial to compare current data practices to regulatory standards and internal governance policies. Monitoring data collection, processing, and storage practices ensures they adhere to security and privacy regulations. Keep track of any gaps or possible compliance risks that require attention.
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Data security reviews
Examining the security protocols in place is key to safeguarding private information, including access controls, encryption practices, and audit logs. It’s critical to verify that only authorized users can access particular data.
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Actionable insights
Produce a report that details findings, offers recommendations, and sets the foundation for improvement. This documentation serves as a starting point for data governance and management strategy. Create an action plan to address the issues found based on the findings.
Common challenges in data audits and how to overcome them
There are a number of obstacles companies may encounter when auditing data that can impede the process. Below you will find the most common challenges in data audits and tips to overcome them.
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Data silos
An incomplete data audit may result from the inability to get a comprehensive picture of data assets due to data stored in disparate systems, for example, different databases, applications, and platforms. Implementing data integration practices, including data warehousing, data consolidation (like ETL), streaming, application integration, and data virtualization, to break down data silos and utilizing tools that centralize data from multiple sources will help address the issue.
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Incomplete or inaccurate data
The purpose of a data audit is to offer actionable recommendations for enhancing data management processes. Inaccurate data results in misleading insights and hinders the ability to provide well-informed, useful recommendations. Besides, inaccurate data complicates data mapping, distorts data quality metrics, undermines compliance assessments, and impedes security checks. As a result, the data audit process may become less effective, less efficient, and more costly. Implementing data cleansing and standardization processes is key to overcoming these challenges and preserving reliable, high-quality data across the organization. In the section below, we describe specialized data quality management tools and software solutions to automate regular data quality checks and corrections.
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Manual processes
Manual auditing processes have a number of inefficiencies that might reduce their efficacy and raise operating expenses. First, manual data auditing requires considerable human effort, which makes the process time-consuming and resource-intensive and leads to delays in decision-making. Besides, manual data audits are prone to human errors, which results in inaccurate data findings and faulty or missed business insights. As data volume increases, manual data auditing fails to keep up.
Leverage scalable data audit tools and AI-based solutions that simplify and automate the process of data auditing. These include data quality management platforms, RPA tools, AI-powered data auditing tools, comprehensive data governance platforms, and integration tools with built-in quality checks, to name a few. By implementing these technologies, businesses may perform data audits that are more efficient, reliable, and scalable, facilitating improved compliance and decision-making.
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Complex regulations
Compliance requirements vary significantly across industries and are frequently complex. For instance, banking businesses must abide by laws like GDPR and SOX, while healthcare organizations must follow HIPAA. Many regulations include specific requirements that must be followed consistently for the collection, processing, storage, and access to data. It can be difficult for internal teams without specialized skills to align data processes with compliance requirements.
To manage these challenges effectively, organizations can either seek external help or invest in compliance software. Seeking assistance from data consultants who have in-depth knowledge of regulatory frameworks and industry standards helps ensure compliance measures are complete and up-to-date. Compliance software solutions, in turn, automate monitoring of data practices and allow for proactive adjustments. Examples of the most popular solutions are Healthicity and MedTrainer for healthcare and Verint and Compliance.ai for the financial sector. Pre-configured with industry-specific regulations, such software facilitates the alignment of data handling processes with compliance standards.
Tools and technologies applied in data audits
We’ve compiled an overview of key tools, technologies, and platforms that can assist with data auditing.
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AI-powered data auditing tools that automatically assess data quality and compliance:
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Trifacta
By automating data transformation and cleansing with machine learning, the tool reduces the amount of time required for data preparation and increases data audit accuracy.
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IBM Watson Studio
IBM Watson Studio incorporates AI to improve quality assurance and data profiling. It assists in identifying trends and irregularities that manual checks could miss.
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Trifacta
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Data governance platforms that help enforce policies across the organization:
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Collibra Data Intelligence Cloud
The platform helps automate data cataloging, data governance, and quality checks. It increases the efficiency of data auditing procedures by centralizing them.
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Alation
Alation supports data cataloging, auditing, and quality monitoring with machine learning, which offers real-time insights and minimizes manual labor.
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Collibra Data Intelligence Cloud
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Cloud-based solutions for automating large-scale data audits:
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Microsoft Azure data management tools
A whole range of data management solutions from Microsoft Azure are available to address different aspects of data processing, analysis, governance, and storage. These include Azure Data Studio, Azure Data Factory, Azure Data Explorer, and Azure Data Catalog. Together, these technologies offer a strong framework for handling data at every stage of its lifecycle, supporting a variety of business needs and processes.
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Microsoft Azure data management tools
When it comes to choosing the right data auditing strategy, partnering with data consultants is a surefire way to build a strong audit management process and thus accelerate data maturity and ensure its security, integrity, and efficiency. As a leading data strategist with 15+ years of experience helping organizations optimize the use of data, ITRex will help you opt for the most suitable data auditing techniques and tools, streamline your data auditing processes, and improve data governance.
Explore a notable example from our portfolio of how ITRex data analytics company helped the world’s leading retailer overcome data challenges through creating an AI-driven big data and self-service business intelligence platform.
For our client, a global enterprise with nearly 3 million internal users, ensuring data accuracy and availability had become a critical challenge. Disparate systems and isolated islands of data were undermining their ability to extract actionable insights, resulting in inaccurate reports, poor business decisions, and missed market opportunities. Seeking to regain control of their data and unlock its full potential, the client approached us to address these pressing issues.
We began by conducting a comprehensive data audit to uncover inefficiencies and inconsistencies in their data infrastructure. This analysis revealed fragmented data sources, outdated workflows, and significant gaps in data quality. To address these challenges, we recommended the introduction of AI-powered solutions for analytics automation and reporting. Our team then designed and implemented a complete data ecosystem, tailored to the client’s needs.
On a final note
A data audit is crucial for businesses focused on improving decision-making, maintaining compliance, and boosting operational efficiency. By routinely analyzing data quality, accuracy, and completeness, a data audit helps find gaps, redundancies, and inconsistencies that could hinder efficient data use. By ensuring that data sources meet business requirements and regulatory standards, this process lowers the possibility of non-compliance and associated fines. Furthermore, a data audit uncovers valuable insights and breaks down data silos, enabling teams to confidently make data-driven decisions, streamline processes, and ultimately drive growth and productivity.
By leveraging modern data auditing tools and technologies, companies can take the first step in their data audit journey. Expert guidance, when needed, can further enhance the process, ensuring data quality, compliance, and security standards are met efficiently.